How do the big AI platforms compare? Understanding the AI stack

Stop chasing every new AI tool. Microsoft, OpenAI, Anthropic and Google are converging on the same five layers: assistants, task agents, coding agents, shared agents and infrastructure. Here's how to map any launch to what you already have.

A comparison table titled 'Understanding the AI stack' mapping five layers across Microsoft, OpenAI, Anthropic, Google and independent vendors. Level 1 AI assistants: Microsoft 365 Copilot, ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity. Level 2 personal task agents: Microsoft Cowork/autopilots, Codex, Claude Cowork, Gemini Spark, Lindy/Base44. Level 3 coding and development agents: GitHub Copilot, Codex, Claude Code, Google Antigravity, Replit/Lovable/Cursor. Level 4 shared organisational agents: Copilot Studio/M365 agents, ChatGPT workspace agents, Claude managed agents, Gemini Enterprise, Salesforce Agentforce/ServiceNow/HubSpot. Level 5 agent infrastructure and platforms: Azure AI Foundry, OpenAI Agents SDK, Claude managed agents and API, Google ADK/Vertex AI Agent Engine, LangChain/LlamaIndex/Amazon Bedrock.

How to stop chasing every new AI tool, see through the headlines, and avoid the FOMO that comes with the seemingly endless stream of announcements.

Most businesses do not have the budget to continually swap tools, so I've tried to build a reference that helps when your CEO comes asking for the "next big thing". You can often give them almost what they asked for, even if it feels a bit like they asked for Coke and you handed them Pepsi Max.

The big AI ecosystems, Microsoft, OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google, are converging around a very similar product mix. There's the AI assistant you chat with, the personal task agents that go off and do things for you, the coding and development agents, the shared agents that an entire organisation can use, and then the underlying infrastructure and platforms that everything else sits on.

Each has its own quirks, strengths, and terminology, but the broad shape is remarkably similar.

So when you read an article about Claude Cowork, Codex, Copilot Agents, or Gemini Enterprise, the useful question isn't, "Do I need to switch platforms?" It's, "What layer of the stack is this actually talking about, and what's the equivalent in the ecosystem I already use?" More often than not, there is one.

If you're an individual: pick a lane

Pick a lane and invest in it. If you're comfortable within level 1 using an assistant like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, or Microsoft 365 Copilot, start exploring level 2 task agents. And if you're already comfortable there, have a go at the coding and development agents, even if you've never written a line of code.

If you're an organisation: get the shared-agent layer right first

For organisations, the mistake tends to run in the opposite direction. It's tempting to leap straight to the infrastructure end of things, the platforms, frameworks, and custom agent architectures. But most businesses are better off getting the shared-agent layer right first. Governed workflows, internal knowledge, permissions, repeatable tasks, and genuine team adoption matter far more than choosing the fanciest platform before you're ready for it.

The only question that matters

None of this is to say every box on the map is identical, because they're not. The point is that once you can see the layers, you stop feeling behind every time a new product launches.

You can take the news, translate it back into your own ecosystem, and ask the only question that really matters: is this genuinely new for us, or is it just another version of something we already have access to?

A little less FOMO for your Wednesday.

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